Open Access Review Article

Gender Violence, Suicide and Criminal Law

Yaíma Águila Gutiérrez* and Vicente Enrique Hernández Reyes

Department of Criminology, Cuba

Corresponding Author

Received Date: March 25, 2019;  Published Date: April 12, 2019

Review

Pan-American Health Organization (PHO) has declared, about gender violence, that it is a problem which chiefly affects women. It has declared that at the end of 1990, gender violence had caused more death and incapacity to women from 15 to 44 years old than cancer, malaria, traffic accidents and war [1]. At the two last years of XX century, in Latin America, one of three sexual abuse cases were denounced and 80% were children and/or teenagers. About 30% y 50% of rape victims were younger than 15 years old and around 20% were younger than 10 years old, according to studies in Chile, Peru, Malaysia and United States of America Artiles [2]. At the same way, the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012[3] expresses that violence against women and girls is a pandemic problem [4]. Also said that violence acts contribute towards the 15% of disease world charge [5]. Likewise, the Found of United Nations for Childhood, Science and Education (UNICEF) has been presenting reports for several years, according to gender violence as a problem that affects specially children Artiles [2]. Obviously, gender violence has become a main problem for humanity and no country is apart from that. It affects millions of people, mainly women and girls, but nobody is exempt of it [6].

Gender violence can be manifest from any social scene and anyone can cause or suffer it. There are two groups: macro or visible gender violence and non-visible gender violence, those can be classified as well in gender violence between people with the same gender or between different gender. The most common types of gender violence are physical, sexual, economic and psychological violence. Harmful effects of gender violence cause health damage and deterioration of relationships, reaching to commit a crime [7]. It is frequent to commit it in couple relationships [8-9].

Gender violence is a social problem which demands an intersectoral study because of the causes and consequences related to it and also affect human being and its relationship. Suicide is one of those consequences recognized by many theoretical and practical studies about gender violence. It is a common respond in front of gender violence. Some consulted researches recently show suicide as a health problem. According to the WHO, suicide is one of 20 more important death’s causes in the world. Millions of people commit suicide almost every year; it is equivalent to one death every 40 seconds (WHO, 2018). It should be emphasize that suicide is the second mortal consequence because of couple violence. In addition, women who are ill-treated have three or five times more probability to commit suicide than others who does not suffer gender violence Martínez (2018). In accordance with Ángela Beatriz Martínez González [10], suicide in women as result of gender violence has increased to 166 % in the last 10 years in Mexico. In Cuba, the suicide rate and suicide attempts are higher than any chronic diseases such as diabetes and/or liver diseases. Although our health system attends to victims of gender violence through primary health attention up to hospitals, the problem persists, because the factors which cause the violence are still present [11-15]. Therefore, a coactive mechanism is required in order to achieve a general prevention from Criminal Law, connected to those who provoke suicidal ideas in victims of gender violence [16-20].

It is required an interdisciplinary response from many sciences such as: social, education, medicine and law. From Criminal Law, can be demanded a penalty to those who practice gender violence and as result commit a crime. It is common that homicide, injuries and threats have been the result of gender violence. Suicidal idea could be the consequence of permanent submit to gender violence and many times it has no a legal response. Gender violence’s victims receive the necessary help from primary health attention to hospitality attention, but in many cases, it is not enough because the cause is not eliminated. Then, it is also needed a mandatory mechanism which has prevention, it is possible from Criminal Law [21-25].

Acknowledgement

None.

Conflict of Interest

No conflict of interest.

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