Systolic, Diastolic Blood Pressure, LDL-C and HDL-C Correction by Fruits and Allopathic Medications

With a low-calorie count and a higher protein and fiber level, Indian date helps to satisfy nutritional needs and fill up, which prevent from snacking in between meals. This will help maintain diet or prevent any additional weight gain [1-10]. Indian dates i.e.; Jujube is one of the good sources of antioxidant content, like vitamin C, vitamin A, and numerous organic compounds. Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals, the dangerous byproducts of cellular respiration, which are liable for several chronic diseases and illness within the body. Vitamin C also encourages the production of white blood cells, the first line of defense of human body immune system [11,12]. The use of statin agents in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) remains an area of intense clinical interest [13]. Statin therapy has an established secondary preventive benefit in patients with coronary artery disease, and its extension to acute coronary syndrome seems logical [14]. A number of observational studies have shown an association between initiation of statin therapy early in acute coronary syndrome and improved clinical outcome. Four randomized controlled trials have examined the use of statin therapy for acute coronary syndrome: The Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering study, the Pravastatin Turkish Trial, the Rosuvastatin on Risk Diminishing After Acute Myocardial Infarction study, and the Lipid-Coronary Artery Disease study. Three of these trials showed a benefit with early initiation of statin therapy, whereas one trial demonstrated neither benefit nor harm [15]. To reversing the inhibitory effect of oxidized LDL on nitric oxide synthase3, Rosuvastatin also have direct antioxidant effects on LDL in vitro and ex vivo. Metabolites of Rosuvastatin, but not the parent compound, inhibit oxidation of both LDL and very-low-density lipoprotein as well as highdensity lipoprotein [16]. Metabolites, representing 70% of active Rosuvastatin in plasma, demonstrate free radical-scavenging abilities that may contribute to inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation [17]. Rosuvastatin also indirectly affect normal oxidative mechanisms by curbing the ability of macrophages to oxidize lipoproteins [18].

The research was conducted at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, lahore-pakistan from January - June 2019. Sixty primary and secondary hyperlipidemic and hypertensive patients were selected from Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. The research aim was to compare hypolipidemic and hypertensive effects of Rosuvastatin 10 mg and Ziziphus Jujubes (Indian dates) in these patients. Both male and female patients suffering from primary or secondary hyperlipidemia were selected. The age limit for patients was 20- 70 years. Patients suffering from any major organ disease like liver, lungs, kidney, thyroid, heart and eye complications were excluded from the research. Written consent was taken from all participants. Baseline Lipid Profile was determined in Biochemistry lab of the Hospital. Serum cholesterol was estimated by enzymatic method using kit Cat. No: 303113050 by Eli Tech Diagnostic, France. Serum HDL-cholesterol was determined by using kit Cat No: 303210040 by Elli Tech Diagnostic, France. Chylomicrons, low density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein are specially precipitated with phosphotungstic acid and magnesium ions can then be removed by centrifugation, while high density lipoproteins remain in the supernatant. Cholesterol included in this phase is measured by an enzymatic method. LDL-cholesterol was calculated according to Fried Wald formula [16] i.e. LDL= TC-(TG/5+ HDL-C). All Patients were divided in two groups, 3o patients in each group. Group-I was on Tablet Rosuvastatin 10 mg twice daily for two months. Group-II was on Jujube 500 grams daily in three divided times to eat. They were advised to take this fruit for two months. Mean values ± SD were taken for statistical analysis. For parallel comparison, we used paired ‘t’ test to get significance changes in tested parameters at start of treatment and at end of the research work. P-value >0.05 was considered as non-significant change, p-value <0.01 was considered as significant and p-value <0.001 was considered as highly significant change in the tested parameter. We used SPSS version 2010 for statistical analysis.

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (Rosuvastatin 10 mg) when used for two months in 27 hyperlipidemic patients, it reduced systolic blood pressure 30.1 mm of mercury and diastolic blood pressure 9.7 mm of mercury, LDL-C 29.2 mg/dl, and increased HDL-C 7.3 mg/dl. In group-II (n=30) which was advised to take Indian dates for two months, it reduced systolic blood pressure 10. 9 mm of mercury, diastolic blood pressure 5.1 mm of mercury, LDL-C 7.9 mg/dl and increased HDL-C 3.3 mg/dl. Changes in all parameters are shown in (Table 1, Table 2).

Table 1: showing group-I’s (n=27) mean values± SD of all parameters tested, changes in parameters, and its statistical significance in change..

Table 2: showing group-II’s (n=30) mean values± SD of all parameters tested, changes in parameters, and its statistical significance in change..

our results two months therapy by Rosuvastatin 10 mg when used in 27 hyperlipidemic patients, it affected, when statistically analyzed, all tested parameters included systolic/diastolic blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Indian dates proved no significant changes in 30 hyperlipidemic patients in their diastolic blood pressure and HDL-cholesterol but did affect systolic blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol significantly, with p-values <0.01. Bihva C, et al. [19] explained same mechanism of action of Rosuvastatin as described in textbooks of medicines, pharmacology and therapeutics that it inhibits HMG-CoA reductase enzyme which is responsible to synthesize cholesterol in human body. They proved same effects of this drug on 56 hyperlipidemic patients. Cella V, et al. [20] proved 30.99 mg/dl reduction in LDLcholesterol when they used Rosuvastatin 10 mg once daily for three months in 109 hyperlipidemic patients. Mekatal Y, et al. [21] said in their conclusion that statins are the best among hypolipidemic agents used in patients suffering from primary or secondary hyperlipidemia. Ketylu V, et al. [22] emphasized to use Rosuvastatin in those patients who are victimized by metabolic syndrome with increased oxidative stress causing lethality in these patients due to myocardial infarction. Burden of free radical formation, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hypo or hyperthyroidism, excessive inflammatory reactions in body, and utilization of fatty foods may cause, rather do cause coronary artery syndrome, which is difficult to treat, but not impossible. Statins like Rosuvastatin is the best example of drugs used in these patients [23]. Kakati PY, et al. [24] have provided other options of treating patients suffering from hyperlipidemia, other than allopathic drug regimens. They recommended herbal medicines or medicinal plants to treat complicated cases of hyperlipidemia. They used Indian dates in 46 hyperlipidemic patients one kg daily for three days and proved LDL-cholesterol reduction 8 mg/dl. No HDL-cholesterol increase was seen by them. Lomateevasel IO, et al. [25] proved 20.6 mg/dl reduction in LDL-cholesterol when 400 grams Indian dates were used in 22 hyperlipidemic patients for two months. They also proved reduction in blood pressure significantly in their patients. Blood pressure significant effect is not proved in many studies conducted on Indian dates [26].

None.

Author has no conflict of interest.

1. Zito F, Lowe GD, Rumley A, McMahon AD, Humphries SE (20013) Z Jujubes are hypoglycemic. Atherosclerosis 165: 153-158.
2. Ahmed I, Adeghate E, Sharma AK, Pallot DJ, Singh P (2015) Jujubes in Indian culture and health related problems. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 40: 145-151.
3. Mulder AB, van den Bergh FA, Vermes (2013) I Medicinal ingredients in Z jujubes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 73: 475.
4. Garcia PJ (2015) Herbal medicine for hundreds of diseases. Curr Atheroscler Rep 7: 34-39.
5. Atole SK, Jangde CR, Philip P, Rekhe DS, Aghav DV, et al. (2013) Safety Evaluation Studies of Indian dates. Pharma World 2: 423-425.
6. Chaves FJ, Real JT, Garcia-Garcia AB, Civera M, Armengod ME, et al. (2014) Z Jujubes for hyperlipidemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 4926-4932.
7. Mulder AB, van Lijf HJ, Bon MA, van den Bergh FA, Touw DJ, et al. (2016) Z Jujubes (Indian dates) are harmless hypoglycemic agents. Clin Pharmacol Ther 70(2): 546-551.
8. Ghirlanda G, Oradei A, Manto A, Lippa S, Uccioli L, et al. (2015) Indian dates are getting popularity in phytotherapy. J Clin Pharmacol 33: 226-229.
9. Holloway JW, Yang IA, Ye S (2015) Jujubes as medicines in eastern world. Pharmacogenet Genomics 15: 15-21.
10. Cenarro A, Artieda M, Gonzalvo C, Merino-Ibarra E, Aristegui R, et al. (2005) Indian dates as weight loss agents. Am Heart J 150: 1154-1162.
11. Freeman DJ, Samani NJ, Wilson V, McMahon AD, Braund PS, et al. (2013) Oxidative stress and herbal medicines. Eur Heart J 24: 1833-1842.
12. Augusti KT (2014) Therapeutic values of Indian dates and its effects on metabolic syndrome. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 34: 634-640.
13. Rodrigues AC, Rebecchi IM, Bertolami MC, Faludi AA, Hirata MH, et al. (2015) High baseline serum total and LDL cholesterol levels are associated with MDR₁ haplotypes in Brazilian hypercholesterolemic individuals of European descent. Braz J Med Biol Res 38(9): 1389-1397.
14. Ishikawa C, Ozaki H, Nakajima T, Ishii T, Kanai S, et al. (2014) Heart attack and statins utilization. J Hum Genet 49: 582-585.
15. Prueksaritanont T, Gorham LM, Ma B, Liu L, Yu X, et al. (2015) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are used to prevent coronary artery diseases. Drug Metab Dispos 25: 1191-1199.
16. Agema WR, Wouter Jukema J, de Maat MP, Zwinderman AH, Kastelein JJ, et al. (2014) Pharmacogenetics of the CD₁₄ endotoxin receptor polymorphism and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost 91(5): 986-990.
17. Chen SN, Ballantyne CM, Gotto Jr AM, Tan Y, Willerson JT, et al. (2005) A common PCSK₉ haplotype, encompassing the E670G coding single nucleotide polymorphism, is a novel genetic marker for plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 45(10): 1611-1619.
18. Transon C, Leemann T, Dayer P (1996) In vitro comparative inhibition profiles of major human drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYP₂C₉, CYP₂D₆ and CYP₃A₄) by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 50(3): 209-215.
19. Arnesen H, Seljeflot I, Tonstad S, Hjermann I, (2002) Reduced expression of endothelial cell markers after 1year treatment with simvastatin and atorvastatin in patients with coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis162(1): 179-185.
20. Poirier P, Grunwald GK, Plenge JK, Hernandez TL, Weil KM, et al. (2002) Simvastatin lowers C-reactive protein within 14 days: an effect independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. Circulation 106(12): 1447-1452.
21. Mekatal Y, Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer MA (2015) For the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators. Long-term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. Circulation 100: 230-235.
22. Ketylu V, Olsson AG, Schwartz GG (2013) Early initiation of treatment with statins in acute coronary syndromes. Annals of Medicine 34: 37-41.
23. Grundy SM, Adams-Huet B, Jialal I, Stein D, Balis D, et al. (2001) Effect of hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor therapy on high sensitive C-reactive protein levels. Circulation 103(15): 1933-1935.
24. Kakati PY, Kwak B, Mulhaupt F, Myit S (2012) Alternative therapy for hyperlipidemia. Nature Med 6: 1399-1402.
25. Lamateevasel IO, Joukhadar C, Klein N, Prinz M (2014) Indian dates prove their hypolipidemic characteristics. Thromb Haemost 85: 47-51.
26. Sotalolove K, Wassmann S, Laufs U, Bäumer AT (2015) Blood pressure lowering effects of Z Jujubes. Hypertension 37: 1450-1457.