Open Access Research Article

Prevalence of Different Types of Leukemia and Associated Factors among Children with Leukemia in Children’s Cancer Units at Al-Kuwait Hospital, Sana’a City: A Cross-Sectional Study

Monya Abdullah Yahya El-Zine2, Abdulrahman M Alhadi1, Abdulrahman A Ishak1 and Hassan A Al- Shamahy3*

1Department of Pediatrics, Sana’a University, Republic of Yemen.

2Department of Histopathology, Sana’a University, Republic of Yemen

3Medical Microbiology and Clinical Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Republic of Yemen.

Corresponding Author

Received Date: April 24, 2021;  Published Date: June 14, 2021

Abstract

Background and aims: Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of haematological disorders that is made up of several diverse and biologically distinct subgroups. Leukemia is the eleventh and tenth most common cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide, respectively. There are insufficient data on the prevalence and associated factors of leukemia in Yemen, particularly in the study area. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of different types of leukemia and associated factors among children with leukemia in the pediatric cancer units of Al- Kuwait Hospital, Sana’a City. Patients and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on children with leukemia who were treated selectively in the pediatric leukemia units of Kuwait University Hospital in Sana’a. Group diagnostics and histopathological diagnoses were formed in line with the French, American and British classifications of leukemia in children in the pediatric leukemia units, over a period of 5 years from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018. Factors associated with become infected with leukemia that were studied included ages, sex, and outcomes. The association of death and recovery with different age groups and leukemia types was also studied through rates and calculation of OR, CI, X2 and p values through probability tables (2x2 tables). Results: 244 leukemia patients were diagnosed, treated and followed up; there was association of leukemia with younger age group; 50% were in the age group 1-5 years and with mean ± SD age= 6.44 ± 3.7 years. There was significant association with male (66.7%). There was association between high mortality and the 6-10 year age group [(8/78; 10.2%), with OR = 2.6, p = 0.060], and with the AML [(4/38; 10.5%), OR = 2.1)]. Considering, the cure rates association with ages, roughly there were similar cure rates occurred the different age groups. Also, there was high cure rate occurred in the JCM (2/3; 66%), with OR = 2.9. and with the CML (7/11; 63.6%; OR = 2.60. Conclusion: In the current study there was an association between leukemia and younger age group, with males. There was an association between high mortality and the 6-10 year age group, with AML. Also, there was no association between ages and cure rate, but a high cure rate occurred with JCM and CML. More comprehensive investigations of relevant factors and predictors are needed with more modern diagnostic methods and investigate correlation factors with the treatment protocols used.

Keywords:Childhood leukemia; Associated factors; Odds ratio (OR); Death rate; Cure rate; Yemen

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