Bone Disease, Different Pathogenesis and Treatment

Many authors consider helminthiases of animals and humans to be a large-scale sanitary threat to the urbanized territories of Russia, the eggs and larvae of which are contaminated soils and wastewater [1-20]. Nematodes of the species Ascaris lumbricoides (Linnaeus, 1758) are one of the global epidemic risks for the population of the planet and the Russian Federation [1,2]. WHO considers that human ascariasis is one of the massive zoonotic invasions in the world with a registration rate of up to 1.2 billion cases per year [1- 13]. In the Russian Federation, ascariasis affects up to 3-3.5 million people and exceeds similar indicators in European countries by 3 times [14-20]. In this regard, the question arises of regional monitoring of the spread of ascariasis among the population and the degree of sanitary contamination of soils of human life support infrastructure with eggs of the pathogen [1-20]. The aim is to study the nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides as an epidemic and sanitary and hygienic threat to humans in the southern region of the Russian Federation.

Based on the analysis of materials from the reports of the structural divisions of the Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation for Kabardino-Balkarian Republic for 2021 and other medical documentation and our own research, we calculated the incidence of ascariasis in 10 districts and 2 cities of Kabardino- Balkarian Republic and sanitary contamination of soils with eggs of the species Ascaris lumbricoides. The main epidemiological indicators of ascariasis in the population of Kabardino-Balkarian were studied by analyzing feces for 9.0 thousand people. and 3600 soil samples for sanitary contamination with eggs Ascaris lumbricoides. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the Biometrics program.

When analyzing materials on the incidence of ascariasis in the population of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, it showed that in 10 districts and 2 cities, the index of occurrence of ascariasis in children and adults varied from 5.60 to 15.87% (table 1). The gradation of the abundance index of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs in human feces ranged from 2.9±0.5 to 7.0±0.8 ind. in 1 g of feces, on average 4.94±0.65 ind. per 1 g of feces, which can provide a high level of soil contamination with eggs (Table 1). In general, in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the epidemic situation in human ascariasis can be classified as relatively favorable (Figure 1) (Table 1).

Table 1: The results of the analysis of the data of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic SES on the incidence of ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides) in the regions of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (% per 10.0 thousand population).

In Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the incidence of people with ascariasis is low due to the planned anti-epidemic work (Rice. 1). At the same time, Kabardino-Balkarian can be attributed to risk regions, since the number of children, adults and migrants with ascariasis does not tend to decrease, but there is an increase in invasion during the year (Rice.1). The growth of the index of occurrence of ascariasis among children and migrants is alarming. Indices of ascariasis occurrence in the child population and migrants increased during the year by 2.8 times (Figure 1).

Soils of 12 districts and cities of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic were also analysed for contamination with eggs of the ascariasis pathogen (Ascaris lumbricoides), the results of which are presented in Table 2. As can be seen, the soils of 12 districts and cities of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic are contaminated by 14.00-30.67% (average, 21.72%) with eggs of the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides, which can be a factor in infecting people with ascariasis (Table 2).

Table 2: Results of monitoring the sanitary contamination of soils in settlements of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic with eggs of the causative agent of ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides) (in absolute numbers and in %).

When analyzing materials on the incidence of ascariasis in the population of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, it showed that in 10 districts and 2 cities the index of occurrence of ascariasis in the population varied from 5.60 to 15.87%. The gradation of the abundance index of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs in human feces ranged from 2.9±0.5 to 7.0±0.8 ind. per 1 g of feces, on average 4.94±0.65 ind., which can provide a high level of soil contamination with eggs. In general, the epidemic situation of ascariasis in the subject can be attributed to relatively favorable. In the region, the incidence of people with ascariasis is low due to the planned antiepidemic work. At the same time, the subject can be attributed to risk regions, since the number of sick children, adults and migrants does not tend to decrease, but there is an increase in invasion during the year. The growth of the index of occurrence of ascariasis among children and migrants is alarming. Indices of ascariasis occurrence in the child population and migrants increases during the year by 2.8 times. Soils in 10 districts and 2 cities are contaminated with eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides by 14.00-30.67% (average, 21.72%), which may threaten the possible infection of the population with ascariasis.

None.

No Conflicts of Interest.

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