Simulation of Bifurcation in Brain Illness/

Remediation. Enzyme Reactions of the Neurocycle

Ibrahim Mustafa; Asmaa Awad; Elkamel A; Said Elnashaie

Research Article

Simulation of Bifurcation in Brain Illness/ Remediation. Enzyme Reactions of the Neurocycle

Ibrahim Mustafa^1,2, Asmaa Awad¹, Elkamel A¹ and Said Elnashaie³*

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo University, Canada

²Department of Biomedical Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt

³Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada

Corresponding Author

Received Date: November 06, 2019; Published Date: December 06, 2019

Abstract

Enzymes-Reactions Model is used to study: dynamics, bifurcation, and chaos of the acetylcholine neurocycle (ACNC). The effects of feed choline concentrations, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity as bifurcation parameters are studied. It was found that feed choline concentrations are important and have direct effect on ACNC through certain important range of parameters. Detailed bifurcation analysis is carried out in order to uncover important features of the system, such as static/dynamic bifurcation and chaos. These findings are related to the real phenomena occurring in the neurons, like periodic stimulation of neural cells and non-regular functioning of acetylcholine receptors. Results are compared to the results of physiological experiments and other published models. As there is strong evidence that cholinergic brain diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are related to the concentration of acetylcholine, the present findings are useful for uncovering some of the characteristics of these illnesses/remediation.

Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholine; Choline; Acetate; Parkinson’s disease (PD); Alzheimer’s disease (AD); Dynamic behavior; Bifurcation; Chaos

Notation:

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Abbreviations: LMICs: Low-And Middle-Income Countries; IDF: International Diabetes Federation; NEHEP: National Eye Health EducationProgram; BDHS: Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey; BIRDEM: Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders; IPH: Institute of Public Health

Article Details

Citation

Said Elnashaie , Ibrahim Mustafa, Asmaa Awad1, Elkamel A. Simulation of Bifurcation in Brain Illness/Remediation. Enzyme Reactions of the Neurocycle. Arch Biomed Eng & Biotechnol. 3(3): 2019. ABEB.MS.ID.000564.