The Cause of Increased Effectiveness of Water-In-Oil
Emulsion Over Water Application of Trichoderma
Ovalisporum on Theobroma Cacao

SP Kumar; VK Tewari; AK Chandel; CR Mehta; B Nare; Chethan CR; K Mundhada; P Shrivastava; C Gupta

Mini Review

The Cause of Increased Effectiveness of Water-In-Oil Emulsion Over Water Application of Trichoderma Ovalisporum on Theobroma Cacao

SP Kumar¹, VK Tewari², AK Chandel³*, CR Mehta¹, B Nare⁴, Chethan CR⁵, K Mundhada², P Shrivastava² and C Gupta²

¹Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India

²Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India

³Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, USA

⁴ICAR - Central Potato Research Station, Jalandhar, India

⁵ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, India

Corresponding Author

Received Date: October 24, 2019; Published Date: October 29, 2019

Abstract

Automation in agriculture is gathering a prominent base for enhanced mechanized farming. These technologies save excess labor, effort, time and costs involved in pertinent methods of crop production. Furthermore, avoiding drudgery and health risks. Weed management especially in the intra-row zone is one of the most tedious operations, involving excess costs and health risks when performed manually. In this regard, an intra-row sensor based weeding technology was developed that removes weeds in the intra-row zone in addition to protecting the main crop by sensing their physiology. A controller algorithm was developed to direct the electro-mechanical units for efficient operation. The system was tested for its sensing accuracy and encountered plant damage while preliminary evaluations. The overall operating efficiency varied within 80 to 96 % when evaluated under different plant spacing.

Keywords: Automation; Intra-row weeding; Sensor; Lateral shifting mechanism; Microcontroller

Article Details

Citation

AK Chandel, SP Kumar, VK Tewari, CR Mehta, B Nare, Chethan CR. Sonar Sensor Based Intra Row Weeding Prototype for Row Crops. World J Agri & Soil Sci. 3(5): 2019. WJASS.MS.ID.000571.