Present and Future Treatment Modalities for the Mitigation and Cure of Periodontal Diseases

Periodontal disease is a serious global health issue amongst people of all age groups. Non-surgical and surgical treatments, emerging and investigational therapies, lifestyle and systemic health management are amongst the available treatment strategies of periodontal diseases and disorders. However, certain lacunae are associated with these conventional treatment modalities. Conventional formulations available for managing periodontal diseases are tablets, hydrogels, films, wafers, fibre strips, dental devices, etc. These formulations are composed of antibacterial and antiinflammatory drugs. Chronic use of these formulations may lead to several adverse drug reactions. To overcome these drawbacks, advanced research is necessary for the development of non-invasive, cost effective, biocompatible, advanced technologies and regimen such as gene therapy, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, proteomics, vaccines, development of some novel dental formulations and some regimens for the mitigation and cure of several periodontal diseases. In this review, we elaborately discuss the clinical aspects of periodontitis and its available treatment modalities and management strategies with novel approaches for the development of modern therapeutic policies. They would lead to the opening of new avenues in the field of periodontology and provide better patient compliance.

Keywords:Gingivitis; Dental plaques; Adjunctive therapies; Host modulation therapy; Tissue engineering; 3D printing