The Significance of China’s Anti-Poverty Achievements

This paper mainly discussed the significance of China ‘ s anti-poverty achievements: composed a brilliant chapter in the history of human antipoverty; composed a brilliant chapter in the history of Marxist development; composed a brilliant chapter in the history of socialist construction.

Keywords: Green innovation; research cooperation; knowledge spillovers; environmental policy; competition

China’ s reform and opening up in the past 40 years has made great achievements, attracted worldwide attention, and wrote brilliant chapters of mankind

Poverty has always plagued human survival. Therefore, poor economists with the theme of poverty research have emerged. For example, Schultz, Lewis and Amartya Sen have all won the Nobel Prize in Economics. The history of human society for thousands of years, is the history of anti-hunger, so far Africa has not used electricity. Poverty has also been a major problem plaguing Chinese governments. The people of old China were not wrapped up in food and clothes. Mao Zedong built a new China on the basis of the old China ‘ s “ one poor and two white “ mess. The so-called “ poor, “ that is, the economy is backward, the people are hungry and cold, no clothes to wear, no food to eat, often in a state of hunger and freezing. Du fu ‘ s poetry “ Zhu Men ‘ s wine smells, the road has frozen bones, “ is the true portrayal of the real life of the people under the rule of the ruling class in history.

The ancients lamented ‘ Xing, people suffering, death, people suffering ‘. The so-called “white”, that is, the people’ s cultural level is very low, the number of educated people is very small, and many people cannot read half a Liter. It is difficult to find a reader in the eight villages of ten miles. Most people are illiterate and semiliterate. When the Spring Festival approaches, there is an occasional reader who starts to help people write the Spring Festival couplet just after entering the twelfth month of the lunar year. It has been written until New Year’ s Eve, and the Spring Festival couplet cannot be completed. So, the landlord laughed at the poor, so he wrote a slippery ‘ a family does not read, equal to a pig ‘. Another industry is blank, under the rule of the Kuomintang government, China, almost no own national industry, is a blank, so the bicycle imported from abroad is called ‘ foreign car, ‘ imported from abroad is called ‘ foreign firewood, ‘ imported from abroad is called ‘ foreign gun, ‘ imported from abroad is called ‘ foreign gun, ‘ imported from abroad is called ‘ foreign oil, ‘ imported from abroad is called ‘ foreign rice, ‘ imported from abroad is called ‘ foreign clothing, called ‘ foreign clothing, ‘ imported from abroad is called ‘ foreign ‘, all things, are titled ‘ foreign ‘. Because there is no independent industrial system, so people ‘ s basic supplies are imported from abroad. National economic system is also blank.

Only under the leadership of Mao Zedong, China can independently tighten the belt and establish its own independent and complete industrialization system, national economy system, education system and personnel training system with Chinese characteristics. Successive governments cannot solve the people ‘ s most basic food and clothing problem, under the leadership of the great leader Chairman Mao, began a new journey to solve the people ‘ s food and clothing. After 40 years of reform and opening up, the problem of people ‘ s food and clothing was basically solved in 1980. In 2000, the whole country reached a well-off level. By 2020, through targeted poverty alleviation, poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation, and the road to a well-off society for all, no one left behind and a well-off society was built in an all-round way. As Xi Jinping said at the 40 - year conference to commemorate the reform and opening up, “Food tickets, cloth tickets, meat tickets, fish tickets, oil tickets, tofu tickets, food supplements, industrial vouchers and other tickets once indispensable to people’ s lives have entered the museum of history. The problems that have plagued the Chinese people for thousands of years, such as hunger, lack of food and clothing, and poverty in life, have generally disappeared.

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, held on December 18, 1978, has achieved a turning point in the new historical period. It is an important meeting with historical milestones in the history of our Party since the Zunyi Conference. Deng Xiaoping pointed out in his report on the theme of ‘ emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, looking forward unitedly ‘ for the closing meeting of the Central Work Conference on December 13, 1978: ‘ A party, a country, a nation, if everything starts from the original, ideological rigidity, superstition prevails, then it cannot move forward, its vitality stops, it will die. Deng Xiaoping emphasized the extreme importance of emancipating the mind. This speech of Deng Xiaoping made our Party deviate from the ideological line of seeking truth from facts for many years and return to the correct track of Marxism. As Xi Jinping said: ‘ December 18, 1978 will be an important day in the history of the Chinese nation, the history of the Communist Party of China and the history of the People ‘s Republic of China. The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC reestablished the ideological, political and organizational lines of Marxism. Since then, China ‘ s reform and opening up opened the curtain.

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, it is precisely because of our party ‘s constant emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping pace with the times, seeking truth from facts and innovation, that on the basis of Mao Zedong Thought, with great political courage and theoretical courage, we continue to open up a new realm of Marxist theory, thus gradually realizing the second historical leap of combining the basic principles of Marxism with China ‘s specific reality, and gradually forming the theoretical achievement of Marxism in China : the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Deng Xiaoping as the main representative of the Chinese Communist Party, in breaking through the ‘ two everything ‘ imprisonment, around the answer ‘ what is socialism, how to build socialism ‘ this theme, constantly promote reform and opening up, put forward the basic theory of the primary stage of socialism. Breaking through the trouble of “surnamed capital and surnamed society,” this paper puts forward the “three favourable” standards to test the success or failure of the reform, brilliantly discusses the relationship between “plan and market,” and scientifically reveals the essence of socialism. In the new historical period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, Marxist theoretical innovation and practical innovation have been realized, and Marxism has been promoted to a new stage of developing market economy. On this basis, Deng Xiaoping Theory has been created, which enriches the theoretical treasure house of Marxism with fresh theory and practice. It is the inheritance and development of Mao Zedong Thought, and has made great contributions to the gradual formation of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with Jiang Zemin as the main representative, the Chinese Communists, centering on answering the theme of ‘ what kind of party to build and how to build such a party ‘, have broken through the ideological perplexity of ‘ public name and private ‘, opened a new great project for the comprehensive construction of the Party, expanded the Party ‘s mass base and class base, put forward the views of three vanguards, established the basic economic system and distribution system in the primary stage of socialism, established the goal and framework of the socialist market economic system, expounded the basic program of the primary stage of socialism, and on the basis of Deng Xiaoping Theory. The important thought of “Three Represents” was put forward, and the first step of the third step of Deng Xiaoping’ s “Three Steps” strategic goal was planned: building a well-off society in an all-round way from 2000 to 2020, continuously improving the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics with a series of new ideas and theories, and comprehensively promoting the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics to the 21st century.

Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Hu Jintao as the main representative of the Chinese Communists, closely around the theme of’ what kind of development to achieve, how to develop’, seize the important strategic opportunity period, in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way to promote practical innovation, theoretical innovation, institutional innovation, emphasizing people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, put forward the idea of building a harmonious socialist society, formed the scientific concept of development, and constantly improve the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping as the core has profoundly answered the major issue of the times of’ what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics and how to adhere to and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics’ in the new era. It has broken through the ideological bond of ‘ surname the country and the people’, broken the abstract debate between’ advance the country and retreat the people ‘and’ advance the people and retreat the country’, and proposed that the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources. It has adhered to the overall layout of ‘five in one’, coordinated and promoted the strategic layout of’ four comprehensive’, and adhered to the overall tone of steady and progressive work. It puts forward a series of new ideas, new ideas and new strategies for all aspects of the work of the party and the country, and promotes the historical change and historical achievements of the party and the country. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. With great political courage and wisdom, the overall goal of deepening reform in an all-round way is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. More than 1600 reform programmes have been launched, many hard bones have been gnawed, and many floodplains have been broken through. The reform presents a situation of comprehensive strength, multipoint breakthroughs, steady foot-and-mouth disease and deep advancement. It has formed Xi Jinping ‘s thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, further enriched and improved the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and wrote a new brilliant chapter in the history of the development of Marxism.

40 years of reform and opening up, remarkable achievements. Written in the history of socialist construction. The October Revolution in 1917, Russia took the lead in establishing a socialist country, the Soviet Union, breaking the imperialist unity of the world situation. Western imperialism forgets the heart of the new Soviet, trying to stifle the new Soviet in the cradle, so in the spring of 1918, it was subjected to the joint military aggression of 24 imperialist countries. Therefore, Lenin had to deal with the sudden military provocation. In order to quickly concentrate material and financial resources and manpower, Lenin had to put forward the” wartime communist policy “ to meet the needs of the war. But’ wartime communist policy ‘ violated the interests of farmers, caused the dissatisfaction of farmers, so there was a peasant riot in the spring of 1920. So, Lenin introduced a ‘new economic policy’.

Lenin’s “new economic policy” is a great attempt for socialist countries to use capitalism, so as to circuitously overcome capitalism. It should also be counted as Lenin’ s active exploration of socialist construction. The successive reforms of socialist countries provide valuable experience. After Stalin succeeded the Soviet leader, he returned to the “wartime communism policy,” and constantly solidified the “wartime communism policy,” so in 1928, a relatively rigid planned economy model, namely the Soviet model, was formed, namely, the one-sided pursuit of high speed in strategy, the one-sided pursuit of heavy industry and military industry in the national economic system, and the high centralization in the political system.

Tito, the leader of the communist autonomy alliance of Yugoslavia, was the first to break the Soviet model. He independently explored the socialist road with Yugoslavia’ s own characteristics and made radical reforms. As a result, he was discontented by Stalin. He took the lead in criticizing Yugoslavia and was expelled from the Intelligence Agency in 1948. While Tito, the political mighty, has accumulated some experience on the path of reform, the lessons of SADC are also profound. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, the Balkan tiger as a European power, also went to the collapse, divided into seven and became seven small countries. The reason for the disintegration of the powerful Yugoslavia lies in Tito ‘ s wrong policy: First, the suppression of Serbs; Second, the rotation of the ruling system. Titto actually created and destroyed Yugoslavia in one hand. It is success or failure or failure! Tito is both a hero of Yugoslavia and a sinner of Yugoslavia.

On the night of February 14, 1956, Khrushchev did not invite the Communist Party and the Labor Party of other countries to participate in the meeting. He made a secret report at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union alone, completely denying Stalin. For a leader in the international communist movement, he did not comprehensively, dialectically and objectively evaluate Stalin historically, but comprehensively criticized Stalin’ s mistakes. This caused great ideological confusion in the socialist camp, and also lifted the debate between China and the Soviet Union to the hostility between China and the Soviet Union. The Communist Party of China developed from one evaluation of the Soviet Union to nine evaluations. The two parties had serious disagreements. It directly led to the open break of the Soviet Union. Khrushchev withdrew Soviet experts sent to China, tore up more than 150 cooperation project contracts, and stopped supplying China’s oil. China adopted measures of economic blockade, military provocation and political isolation, trying to capture China’ s neck. Under the wise leadership of Chairman Mao, China carried forward the spirit of iron man Wang Jinxi, realized energy self-sufficiency, and broke through the rapids.

But Mr Khrushchev’s total rejection of Stalin has heightened Mao’s concerns about whether China will emerge from Mr Khrushchev, whether China will restore capitalism and whether China will follow the path of revisionism. Therefore, the class struggle was re-emphasized, and it was emphasized that class struggle should not be forgotten. The expansion of the anti-right struggle in 1957, the anti-rightist struggle in 1959, the socialist education movement from 1963 to 1965, the Fourth Qing Movement in 1964, and the cultural revolution in 1966 were carried out. The correctness of the continuing revolutionary theory under the dictatorship of the proletariat was emphasized. Although great achievements have been made in socialist construction, great costs have been paid in the process of exploring the socialist road alone.

In other Eastern European countries, such as Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and other countries, reform measures were successively introduced in the 1950s, and the Prague Spring in 1956 and the Hungarian incident in October 1956 also occurred, respectively, which made the construction of socialism in Eastern Europe twists and turns and eventually disintegrated in 1989. The Soviet Union also officially disintegrated on August 19, 1991. The disintegration of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe made the construction of socialism in a dilemma and encountered unprecedented changes and setbacks.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, from Deng Xiaoping to Xi Jinping as the core of the CPC Central Committee led the Chinese people to overcome difficulties, opened up a road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, established the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, formed the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, contributed to the world the Chinese road, Chinese model, Chinese spirit, Chinese plan, Chinese wisdom, from the participants in the world to the role of the world leader, become a responsible country, build a community of shared future for all mankind. China’ s model has shocked the world. China’ s amazing development speed and earth-shaking changes have surprised the world, truly realizing road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence, and composing a brilliant chapter in the history of socialist construction.

None.

No conflict of interest.

Zhang Yunqing, male, Han, Henan Province, China Shangcai County, master, associate professor of Chongqing University. Preside over nearly 20 provincial-level and horizontal topics, published a lot of papers. For the full-time undergraduate students of Chongqing University have independently opened courses: ‘Nobel Prize economist academic thought’ contemporary western economic thought ‘history of western economic thought’ finance introduction’ Marxist political economics’ Mao Zedong Thought and theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics ‘ and so on. Courses for adult self-taught students: ‘Public Relations’ Marketing, etc.

The main areas of study and research: 1, Sinicization of Marxist theory learning and research; ( 2 ) Learning and research on economics and finance; 3. Study and research on Fuxi culture, bureaucracy culture, conformity culture and Miao culture; 4. Study and research on Luoshu’ s expansion; ( 5 ) Learning and research on the frontier theories of contemporary Western economics and finance; 6. Study and research on the history of Western economics and finance; 7. Learning and research of Chinese and Western history and culture; 8. Learning and research of Taoism, Confucianism and Yi-ology; ( 9 ) Study and research on ancient Chinese military thought.

1. Re-Member (2024) Pine Ridge facts.
2. S. Census Bureau & U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (n.d.).
3. Indian Country Today (2022) Poverty and economic challenges on reservations. Indian Country Today.
4. William T (2012) $1 million each year for all, as long as tribe’s luck holds. The New York Times.
5. Housing Authority of the Cherokee Nation (2024) Cherokee Nation Housing Assessment: Development Strategies.
6. American Community Survey (ACS) (2023) American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau.
7. Bureau of Indian Affairs (2023) Infrastructure programs and funding. U.S. Department of the Interior.
8. Federal Communications Commission (2021) Schools and Libraries Universal Support (E-Rate) – Tribal Broadband Access.
9. S. Department of the Interior (2023) Bureau of Indian Affairs announces $26 million investment in Rosebud Sioux Tribe’s Antelope Dam.
10. KOTA Territory News (2024) Biden administration investing $58 million in Oglala Dam restoration.
11. National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) (2024) Tribal Broadband Connectivity Program. U.S. Department of Commerce.
12. Office of the President and Vice President, Navajo Nation (2024) Navajo President Buu Nygren signs ‘monumental’ ARPA legislation to leverage funds, double infrastructure projects to be built Office of the President.
13. National Congress of American Indians (2021a) Administrative capacity in tribal governments: Barriers to federal funding access.
14. S. Government Accountability Office (2022a) Indian programs: Additional data and analyses needed to improve funding equity (GAO-22-104567).
15. National Congress of American Indians (2021b) Tribal infrastructure and economic development: Opportunities through partnerships.
16. S. Government Accountability Office (2020) Tribal infrastructure: Collaboration with non-federal partners can help address challenges (GAO-20-451).
17. The Rockefeller Foundation (2019) Advancing equity through cross-sector partnerships: A guide for tribal communities.
18. Native American Rights Fund (2021) Advocating for tribal infrastructure funding: Strategies and successes.
19. Congressional Research Service (2020) Federal funding and infrastructure challenges in Indian Country (CRS Report No. IF11612).
20. S. Department of the Interior (2020) Indian Affairs: Infrastructure and Tribal Self-Governance.
21. National Congress of American Indians (2019) Tribal sovereignty and self-governance: Foundations for infrastructure development.
22. Indian Law Resource Center (2021) Supporting tribal self-governance in infrastructure projects.
23. Royster A (2018) Tribal infrastructure bonds: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Tribal Finance 5(2): 45-59.
24. National Congress of American Indians (2020b) Policy brief: Ensuring equitable funding for tribal infrastructure.
25. S. Government Accountability Office (2019) Public-private partnerships: Key considerations for infrastructure projects on tribal lands (GAO-19-345).
26. Rural Housing and Economic Development Report (HAC) (2024) Pine Ridge Statistics. Washington, DC: Housing Assistance Council.
27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2023) Mortality in the United States, 2023 (National Center for Health Statistics Data Brief No. 521).
28. Department of the Interior (DOI) (2023) Office of Indian Energy and Economic Development annual report. U.S. Department of the Interior.
29. Economic Policy Institute (EPI) (2025) Comparative poverty rates.
30. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (2024) Center for Indian Country Development.
31. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) (2023) High school graduation rates. In Condition of Education 2023.
32. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) (2023) United States life tables.
33. National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) (2019) Tribal Infrastructure Development: A Pathway to Tribal Self-Determination.
34. National Congress of American Indians (2020a) Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) and tribal communities.
35. S. Department of the Interior (2021) Equity and inclusion strategic plan.
36. S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Energy and Economic Development (2023) Tribal Energy Development Capacity Grant Program.
37. S. Government Accountability Office (2022b) Tribal infrastructure: Federal assistance and challenges in accessing funding (GAO-22-105).