Origin and Physical Properties of the Black Hole

According to many astrophysicists, astronomical object the Black Hole (BH) is an area in the space which gravitational attraction is so great that light quanta can’t leave it even. Researchers believe that Black holes could result from catastrophic gravitational collapse of a massive star at that historical moment when it dies. At collapse - catastrophic compression of a star - intensity of gravity over its surface becomes so terribly big that the space surrounding a star - time is displaced. This star disappears from the Universe and there is only strongly bent area of space - to time. The border of this area is called as gravitational radius. Spherically a symmetric black hole it is equal in the elementary case to Shvartsshild’s radius. Theoretically possibility of existence of such areas of space - time follows from some exact solutions of the equations of Einstein, first of which was received by Karl Shvartsshild in 1915 [1].

Where, r_s - the radius of the Black Hole, M - the mass of a black hole, with the velocity of light, G=6.672.10-11 N∙m2/kg2 – a gravitational constant.

We will consider objectivity of a hypothesis of an origin of the Black hole on the example of similar object which is in the center of our galaxy.

In work [2] the radius of this BH which is called the Sagittarius A * is determined

At such radius and the corresponding volume, the mass of this BH has to be on the basis of a formula (1) about 10³⁹ kg. Then den sity of the Black Hole in the center of our galaxy has to be about 5 kg/m3! ? On the basis of the classical equation about a mutual attraction gravitation force on a surface of the Sagittarius A * is equal
F = M

Agree, it is impossible to call this Black hole “catastrophically squeezed”, and gravitation forces on its surface – “terribly big”. It is obvious that the theoretical explanation of an astronomical phenomenon of the Black hole doesn’t correspond to physical parameters.

In addition, equation (1) is mathematically absurd. In it, the quantities (G) and (c) are constants. Therefore, the mass of the Black Hole (M) is directly proportional to its radius (r). In fact, the mass of any body is always proportional to its volume. The volume is proportional to the radius of this body in the cube (r3). Then the mass must also be proportional to the radius in the cube. From this discrepancy with the laws of mathematics of equation (1) it follows that the density of the Black Hole (P) is inversely proportional to the root of its cubic radius.
P ~ r^-1/3

Example: On the basis of formula (1), we shall determine the mass of the Black Hole with a radius equal to 1 m.
1 = , from where
M = 6,8 x 10²⁷ kg,

Then the density of this black hole is kg/m³

This density is several orders of magnitude greater than the density of the nucleon. Consequently, equation (1) is absurd. It is offered to study the theory of vortex gravitation and cosmology below. On the basis of this theory, it is possible to explain genesis of the Black hole without contradictions.

The theory of vortex gravitation [3] is based on the well-known astronomical fact - all heavenly objects rotate. The most logical explanation of the reason of this movement can be only one - rotation of heavenly objects generated vortex rotation of space substance - ether. Ether forms system of the interconnected whirlwinds in world space. Orbital speeds of ether in each tuft (torsion) decrease in the direction from the center to the periphery under the law of the return square of this removal. If orbital speeds of a stream of ether decrease then, under aerodynamics laws, pressure in this stream increases. The gradient of pressure generates pushing out force in the direction to zones with the smallest pressure, that is to the center of this torsion. We will consider the equation of vortex gravitation received in the theory [3]. In this section, a model of appearance of the gravitation attraction force is considered from the viewpoint of aerodynamics. Namely, the two-dimensional model (Figure 1) is considered on the basis of the following initial postulates. These postulates will be expanded and defined more exactly below.

As it was already spoken, movement of a whirlwind has resulted by pressure gradient. Radial distribution of pressure and ether speed in work [3] are defined since Navier-Stokes’s equation for movement of viscous liquid (gas).

in cylindrical coordinates taking into account radial symmetry of v_r=vz=0, v_φ=v (r), P=P (r) the equation will register in the form of system

where ρ = 8.85 х 10^-12 kg \m³ - density of ether [4], - a vector of speed of ether, P - pressure of ether, η - viscosity.

F_i In cylindrical coordinates for the module of force of gravitation

then comparing (3) and (4) for incompressible ether (ρ=const) we find that

After necessary transformations (full calculation is stated in the theory [3]) it is received:
a) the equations for determination of force of gravitation depending on the speed of rotation of ether

r_n, m_n - radius and mass of a nucleon.

We will transform a formula (6). We will equate r₁ = r. We will substitute w₁ r₁ = v₁ and numerical values r_n, m_n, ρ, we receive:

b) The equations for determination of dependence of pressure of P₀, from the speed of rotation of ether of V₁.

where – pressure of ether on we consider P₀ to an orbit, using a boundary condition

In figure 2 pressure distribution according to a formula (8) is graphically shown.

Асcording to laws ether-loudspeakers [4] pressure in motionless air is accepted size .

Ether density ρ = k. By means of the equation (8) we will find the orbital speed of ether of V₀ = V₁ at which pressure of P₀ will be equal to zero.

from where m/c

Orbital speed of ether to belong to the radius of the orbit under the law of the return square

R₀ - radius of an orbit of a whirlwind on which ether reaches speed R_kn - radius of an orbit of a whirlwind in which the speed of ether is known (V_kn). From the equation (9) we find the orbital radius of the radio torsion with zero pressure.

Orbital speed of ether of V_kn is determined by the known force of gravitation in the same orbit, by means of the equation (7).

We will consider the Sun address in a galaxy orbit.

Orbital speed of solar system

Radius of an orbit of solar system

We determine the centrifugal force operating on the Sun.

Provided that centrifugal forces, in any point of an orbit, are always equal to attraction forces, we find force of the galactic gravitation operating on the Sun.

We substitute value F_п and r in the equation (7) and we find ether speed in a solar orbit.

Radius of an orbit of astronomical object the Sagittarius* with the zero pressure upon surfaces, on the basis of the equation (10)

The strength of the vortex gravitation on the surface of a black hole

Similarly, we find radiuses of Black holes at other objects:

Obviously, the modern theory of the origin of black holes contradictory. On the example of a celestial object Sagittarius A* can be argued that Black holes are not superdense and supermassive objects. They may not have a huge force of gravity at its surface. Based on the theory of vortex gravitation and cosmology, black holes is the central region of space, ether, gravitation torsion. Orbital velocity of the ether on the surface of this area reaches the maximum possible value -.

At this speed, the pressure on the rotation orbit of the ester decreases to zero. No substance or radiation is not able to break out of this zone. Therefore, the center space, gravitation torsion invisible. Inside the black hole rotation ether or stops or slows down. In this case, there can exist inside a black hole of anti-gravity.

Note: A similar phenomenon is noted in the center of tropical meteorology and sea storms. Where there is complete peace of mind (calm). This phenomenon is called the “eye of the storm.”

Radius of the black hole Sagittarius A * at the center of our galaxy observations to determine the magnitude - [2] или [6].

The estimated value of the radius of the black hole Sagittarius A *, obtained in Chapter 4 (1,382×〖10〗^14 m) higher than the observed value of two orders of magnitude. This is not a calculation error, but the inequality of the radii of the Black Hole in the longitudinal (orbital) and transverse (axial) dimension.

The fact that black holes have their form likeness forms of galaxies - and the disk are located in outer space, in the same direction as the galaxies themselves. Terrestrial observer is on the periphery of our galaxy, and it can measure their visual observations center of the galaxy (Sagittarius A *) only in the transverse axial dimension. At the same time, disk Sagittarius A * its plane directed to us, so we can determine the calculations only the distance in the longitudinal direction radially. Therefore, calculations determined the orbital radius, and observations - transverse axial thickness of the black hole Sagittarius A *. The radius of gyration of any cosmic torsion far exceeds its axial thickness. For the black hole Sagittarius A * this fact is recorded in this paper calculations and astronomical observations.

Gravitational torsions can be of different sizes. Each torsion creates its material object. Micro torsion creates atoms. Planetary - planet. Star - star. Galactic - galaxies. Universe - the universe. All torsions in their centers hase black holes. In celestial bodies (atoms, planets, stars, etc.) they are under a layer of the material of which they are created. Therefore, they are hidden from us. In large space objects such as galaxies, they are open and subject to study.

Modern classic exercise in cosmology and astrophysics have a lot of controversy for one reason. All of them are based on a global error of the classical theory of gravitation, which states that all bodies create gravity. In fact, the opposite is true - gravity creates the body.

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3. S Orlov (2012) Foundation of vortex gravitation, cosmology and cosmogony. Global journal of science Frontier research. Physics and Space Science 12(1): 15-34.
4. VA Atsurovskiy (1990) General ether-dynamics. Energoatomizdat, Moscow, Russia P. 278.
5. Balick Bruce, Sanders Robert H (1974) Radio Fine Structure in the Galactic Center. Astrophysical Journal 192: pp. 325-336.
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