Life and Scientific Activity of Claude Bernard in the Reflection of Collectables

This article presents the research materials devoted to one of the leading figures of modern medical science, the French scientist and researcher with the world name - Claude Bernard. His biography is represented through a variety of means of collecting - both in philately and in medal art. The text is provided with rich illustrative material, explanatory descriptions and comments.

Keywords:Claude Bеrnard; Philately; Postage stamps; Postal envelopes; Maximum Cards; Commemorative medals

Abbreviation:FDE - First Day Envelopes

Anticipating the presentation of collection materials reflecting the activities of Claude Bernard in medicine, I would like to briefly present his biography and the most important milestones in the life of this great scientist. According to biographical data - Claude Bernard (fr. Claude Bernard; born July 12, 1813, Saint-Julien (Rhone), died February 10, 1878, Paris) - French physician, physiologist, researcher of endocrine processes, founder of endocrinology [1]. For many years, Claude Bernard has been studying the processes of digestion and assimilation of food. He managed to study the work of the salivary glands, the role of gastric and intestinal juice. The pancreas has proven to be very important in the digestion of fats. First of all, Bernard is known for his concept of homeostasis. Much attention was paid to the study of the physiological effects of poisons, especially curare and carbon monoxide. His formulation “The constancy of the internal environment is the guarantee of a free and independent life” remains relevant today [1-3]. He studied in detail the physiological mechanisms of sap secretion and the significance of the digestive properties of saliva, gastric juice and pancreatic secretion for a healthy and sick organism, thus laying the foundations of experimental pathology. He created the theory of sugar diabetes (the highest prize of the French Academy of Sciences, 1853), studied the nervous regulation of blood circulation, put forward the concept of the importance of the constancy of the internal environment of the body (the basis of the doctrine of homeostasis) [1-3]. This French scientist and researcher, in the world philately of different years, is devoted to a large number of various philatelic materials and numismatic materials, such as: postage stamps, first day envelopes (FDE), post blocks, post blocks, stamps, card maximums, as well as a number of commemorative medals.

The purpose of the article is to present the life and scientific work of the world-famous French physiologist Claude Bernard, in the reflection of the means of philately and numismatics.

In carrying out this research work, we used the method of in-depth literary-critical analysis of available scientific sources of information on the issue under study, using reference books, encyclopedias, catalogs, specialized periodicals, and Internet resources.

I would like a presentation of the life and scientific work of Claude Bernard from the postage stamps of a number of countries of the world (France, Argentina, Transkei, Mozambique, Ukraine), presented in (Figure1) [4-9]. Also, I would like to present a number of French first day envelopes (FDC), dedicated to the memory of Claude Bernard (Figure 2) [4-9].

There are also such bright, informative illustrative philatelic materials as maximum cards and postcards. A number of them, the maximum cards of France and Argentina and a French postcard, are shown in (Figure 3) [4-11]. Also, there are postal blocks of the states of Ukraine, Ayman and Mozambique dedicated to Claude Bernard. These philatelic materials are shown in (Figure 4) [4-9]. In addition, I would like to present a rather interesting selection of commemorative desktop medals dedicated to Claude Bernard and his scientific and practical activities. This selection, obverse and reverse, is shown in (Figure 5) [12- 19].

This concludes another article on the history of medicine, and in particular world physiology, dedicated to the famous French physiologist Claude Bernard.

1. The memory of the scientific and research activities of the famous French scientist and researcher, physiologist Claude Bernard, is quite fully, colorfully and informatively presented in a variety of collectibles.

2. This article will help teachers, students and everyone who is not indifferent to the history of medicine to get new, creative information about Claude Bernard.

None.

No conflict of interest.