Discrepancy of Microglia Activation in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion

Acute ischemic stroke and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion share some common pathological changes and mechanisms. Inflammation plays an important rolein both acute and chronic cerebral ischemia.Microglia represent the immune system of the mammalian brain and are critically involved in cerebral ischemia, whichis an exciting target for future therapies. A major challenge for clinical translation will be the insufficient understanding of microglial heterogeneity. Microglia display diverse and brain region-specific phenotypes, and itsactivation occurs as a graded response in vivo. Through this mini review, webrieflysummarize the current knowledge about the discrepancy of temporal, spatial, morphological and functional changes of microglia in the brain under the condition of acute ischemic stroke and chroniccerebral ischemia, to provide some new clues for developing different strategies against neuroinflammatory injury resulting from acute and chronic cerebral ischemia.