Distribution of Hematological Parameters Counts for Children with Leukemia in Children’s Cancer Units at Al-Kuwait Hospital, Sana’a City: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction and aims: Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological disorders that is made up of several diverse and biologically distinct subgroups. Leukemia is the eleventh and tenth most common cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide, respectively. There are insufficient data on the hematological parameters counts of leukemia in Yemen. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the hematological parameters counts for children with leukemia.

Materials and methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on children with leukemia who were treated selectively in the pediatric leukemia units of Kuwait University Hospital in Sana’a. Group diagnostics and histopathological diagnoses were formed in line with the French, American and British classifications of leukemia in children in the pediatric leukemia units, over a period of 5 years from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018. Hematological Parameters between Types of Leukemia. The distribution of some hematological parameters with respect to leukemia types with reference values of WBC count (3.31-11.62×10⁹/L), platelet counts (145.5-444.5×10⁹/L), neutrophil count (1.01-7.22×10⁹/L), eosinophil count (0.05-1.21×10⁹/L), and basophil count (0.01–0.05 ×10⁹/L) was analyzed and compared with results of non-malignant diseases.

Results: 241 leukemia patients were diagnosed, treated and followed up; there was association of leukemia with younger age group; 50% were in the age group 1-5 years and with mean ± SD age= 6.44 ± 3.7 years. There was significant association with male (66.7%). In Acute leukemia, neutropenia (59.1%) and thrombocytopenia (75.7%) were found, while in chronic leukemia, neutrophilia (0%), basophilia (38.3%), and eosinophilia (5.7%) were recorded. Leukocytosis was observed in all types of leukemia. In other non-malignant diseases: leukopenia 12.2%, leukocytosis 53%, thrombocytopenia (50%), thrombocytosis (9.9%), neutropenia (28%), and neutrophilia (29.3%), basopenia (28.6%), Basophilia (27.9%) and eosinopenia in 39.6% of the patients.

Conclusion: There is significant differences between acute, chronic leukemia and with non-malignant patients. Thus, laboratory professionals, the first who encounter the patients’ results, should perform more laboratory investigation as ,immunophenotyping , cytogenetic and molecular diagnostic for peripheral and bone marrow morphology assessment as a reflex test for those who have abnormal hematological parameters.

Keywords: Childhood leukemia; Hematological parameters; Yemen

Abbreviations:

TSA – Total shoulder arthroplasty

RTSA - Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

CTA - Cuff tear arthropathy

RCR - Rotator cuff repair

AHI - Acromiohumeral index

MMI - Maximum medical improvement

ER - External rotation

ROM - Range of motion