Open Access Review Article

Immunogenic Responses of Effective Vaccine Candidates against Streptococcus agalactiae in Ruminants

Lawan A*1,5, Jesse FFA1,2, Odhah MN1,3, Bala JA4,9, Arsalan M6,7, Bhutto KR1,8, Abraham GA1,2, Wahid AH1, Mohd Azmi ML4 and Zamri-Saad4

1Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Malaysia

2Department of Farm and Exotic Animals Medicine and Surgery, Malaysia

3Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Malaysia

4Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Malaysia

5Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nigeria

6Department of Tropical Agriculture and food security, Malaysia

7Department Livestock and Dairy Development Baluchistan, Pakistan

8Department Livestock and Fisheries Veterinary Research and Diagnosis, Pakistan

9Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Nigeria

Corresponding Author

Received Date: December 11, 2018;  Published Date: January 24, 2019

Abstract

Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) is a catalase negative, facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive and important bacterium predominantly linked with mastitis in cows and ewes. Albeit GBS has a vulnerable proclivity to numerous antimicrobial agents, the residuary of drug levels has a remarkable influence on milk prominence and on public health. An ideal and potent GBS vaccine should stimulate systemic and mucosal immunity. The physiognomies of several adjuvant of vaccine formulations that possess the capability of provoking collective immunity ensuing immunization revealed that dendritic cells could perchance serve as effective antigen presenting cells (APC) stimulating enhanced and collective immunity. For interpretation of the existing evolution in transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics exploration, some wide-ranging assessments of the enormous proteins and genes which were made known by a microorganism is highly accessible presently. As well, existing is a remarkable expectation in this growing expertise by understanding the bacteria and host relationship. For this reason, the prosperous facts may perhaps enormously pledge to the development of effective vaccines against S. agalactiae contagions in hominids and faunas. Hence, this review emphasis and elucidates on the standard up-to-date procedures consisting of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics techniques and their importance on immunogenic responses of effective vaccine candidates against S. agalactiae in ruminants.

Keywords: Immunogenic; Vaccines; S agalactiae; Ruminants

Citation
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