Impact of Brazilian Public Policies on Violence against Women: Integrative Review

Physical violence means any conduct that offends integrity or body health, with intentional use of force or threat. Violence against women can appear as physical, psychological, sexual, economic and also at work, resulting in suffering, death and giving psychological, and can happen in private and public places [1]. The woman who experiences violence in her life carries visible and invisible marks causing shock in health and physical or psychological disorders, which can culminate in mental health problems, silently affecting overwhelmingly affecting women’s health [2]. The aggressions suffered by women occur within the affective relationships that range from bodily injuries to subjective marks that go beyond physical marks [2].

Feminist groups have been fighting for space in society and politics, ensuring their participation in the fight against violence. Victim of inequality, women have been experiencing the most diverse forms of violence despite advances in coping policies. Since this is a public health theme, in which little has been achieved for changes in statistical indices, the study is a singular experience and that even about the looks of the women’s protection secretariats, no valid and decisive result was found, which justifies the lack of a true solidified recognition in the public space for effective actions of interventions, since it is certain the impacts on the mental and reproductive health of women. Therefore, the study seeks to identify in the literature the impact that Brazilian public policies have had on violence against women since the Maria da Penha law was approved.

This is a study with data collection conducted from secondary sources through a bibliographic survey based on which the literature has published on the impact that Public Policies have brought to reduce violence against women. The purpose of a research literature review is to gather knowledge on the topic studied, helping in the foundations of a meaningful study. The integrative review of the literature consists of a systematic research method, with the objective of contributing to the investigated knowledge, provides an investigation that synthesizes and allows general conclusions about a given area of study being the same theme addressed by different studies [3].

This type of review contains six steps: elaboration of the guiding question; search or sampling in the literature; data collection; critical analysis of the included studies; discussion of the results; presentation of the integrative review. The formulation of the guiding question is the most important phase of the review because it will determine which studies will be included, the means adopted for identification and the information collected from each selected study [3], so it was given through the following question: What have scientific publications evidenced about the impact public policy has brought to reduce violence against women?

The search in the literature was carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval online (Medline), Nursing Database (BDENF) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The databases were accessed through the Virtual Health Library (VHL). Being used the descriptors and their combinations in the Portuguese language “Brazilian Public Policies” and “violence against women”. This search includes the search in journals and references described in the selected studies. The inclusion criterion were articles published in Portuguese in the form of articles in national journals portrayed the theme referring to integrative review and articles published by and indexed in these databases in the last 12 years. Exclusion criteria were theses, books, editorials, articles that did not respond to the question guiding the themes and duplicate publications. In the third stage it was the definition of the information to be extracted from the selected studies contemplating the identification of the article, year, objective, type methodology, result and conclusion. In the fourth stage, the information analysis was performed, which consists of the evaluation of the cataloged data that based on the incidence of the content and the characteristics present in the selected studies [3]. In the fifth stage presentation of the results, the information of each study that was most relevant to the review. In the sixth stage it was in the presentation of the main results obtained that in turn were analyzed according to the theme of this study.

Data collection was performed from August to October 2018 in databases: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO, obtaining 16,000 articles from several journals indexed in the most diverse databases, and only 7 are part of scielo’s databases, MEDLINE , LILACS and BDENF and which is related to the theme under study. After reading the 16,000 titles. Fifty-nine articles were tracked, of which 47 scientific publications were excluded that did not address the theme, which were duplicate articles and that were not available at the time and soon after a new reading was performed in full of the articles. Sample was 12 publications that when read and analyzed in the integral, added a final sample of 7 articles related to the impact of public policies to reduce violence against women, and the 7 articles were selected from the LILACS database, Scielo, Medline, Bdenf (Figure 1).

We cataloged the journals that met the inclusion criteria, went through reading and selection, which went to meet the objective and answering the guiding question. The presentation of the data occurred after analysis of the articles, which were presented in a table that reveals the appropriate specifications of the articles. Regarding the year of publication, an article was found in 2011, an article in 2014, two articles published in 2015, an article in 2016, one article in 2017 and one in 2018 (Table 1) presents a synthesis of the studies included in this review.

Table 1:Research instrument.

Alignments the policies public no combat a violence against woman

This theme was these 5 articles analyzed, the what corresponded 71% of the total. the violence against woman is seen as problem of health public by fact of risks and aggravations of health metal and physical, in what the woman USA the service of health by power heal your problems. Second landerdahl (2011) the maturing of theme led a creation of conventions and discussion the policies, like this as a preparation of policy national attention to health of woman, emphasizing an attempt of the country for align as recommendations international aiming a guarantee of rights of woman. The laws ranking a violence against a woman as a violation of rights human before a same, so needing of guarantee of the same. Achievements as national plan, policies public, search ensure but citizenship and consequently the empowerment feminine [4]. A discussion in institution of teaching favors a training professional suitable a act no process of preparation, application, monitoring and evaluation of projects and actions for strengthen a research of the genre, violence against woman and empowerment feminine [4]. No study of balogun, lara, nascimento, barbieri (2018), the visibility social violence sexual started to be discussed a leave of creation of the maria da penha law, which contributed for curb a violence domestic and familiar against the woman, establishing changes in determination crimes and procedures cops and legal. Same with the advances the study presented services what presented environments appropriate for service and professionals trained, however is far than be ideal. concludes the author what still exists gaps between the guidance of the ministry of health and the reality of services of health [5].

In 2011 a definition of policy national coping to violence against women establishing concepts, principles, guidelines and actions of prevention and combat to violence [6]. The decree 7,958, 2013 establishes guidelines for service as victims of violence sexual by professionals of security public and network of service to their still provides assistance of professionals of health, so mandatory and integral, aiming the control and treatment of aggravations physical and psychic arising of violence [6]. As policies public of protection to woman comes being developed to long of years favoring the improvement of legislation of enframement of violence against a woman, however without much change no scenario statistical. to souza; souza the process of enframement of violence still is in stage of implementation in area of study, which is a hinders for the professionals for service of health. this difficulty also it’s seen in area of psychology, in what still lack support scientific what guides the service. As policy public of prevention of violence against a woman, still no are properly deployed. such situations view to scenario public of little evolution, while some it’s topping other still are short than if need change in relationship to enframement of violence. Lack leadership and awareness to a fight against a aggression a mulhhe, demonstrates-it’s a need of people what know respect as differences and what aponte paths what take a woman to your empowerment [7].

Political advances in the implementation of laws

The Maria da Penha law favored the creation of administrative and judicial structures, which came as a result of the struggle of feminists, and today is the main policy of combating violence counts women, with a broad character as the ways of practicing violence. The law acts as a protection of women’s rights, andthus feel safe when searching for specialized services, reducing sub notations [8]. The same author comments that the law allowed a gain in the protection of women’s rights, favoring the increase of complaints, characterizing severe measures and acting in the discouragement of criminal action. The diversity of Brazilian states causes some to have an evolution in relation to the assistance of women victims of violence and others do not, this may be related to the stage that is recognized by the problem in the political cycle. The reflection that is made of this scenario is that of a fragility in relation to the quality of management in the care of women in situations of violence. This is a theme that should be included in vocational training, for the preparation of assistance that recognizes and intervenes effectively in combating violence [9].

Violence against women has always been present in the history of humanity, but recently became a central theme for the world. Advances were made by the struggle for people’s rights, consolidated in the creation of citizenship and human rights. When thinking about violence against women, it is observed that progress has been made with the Maria da Penha Law, which comes as a divider so that the achievements would not stop, but it was not enough to stop the aggressions, mainly because the aggressor lives under the same roof. Feminist movements played an important role in the construction of policies that favored women’s empowerment. The political changes contributed to the problem taking visibility when reported cases allowed epidemiological dimensioning and the creation of public policies voted on prevention. Time has made progress, but it was not enough to combat it, as it requires much more than has already been done today, there needs to be government efforts to address violence against women. It is necessary to integrate powers to implement these public policies that still need better articulation with the care network as training of health professionals for the recognition of violence and humanized care.

None.

No conflict of interest.

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